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If you are interested in photography, you have probably heard more than once about such concepts as full frame and sprinkled matrix (crop sensor). They refer to the camera sensor – of its «heart», which captures the image. But what does this mean in practice? How does the size of the sensor affect the quality of the pictures and is it worth overpaying for a full frame? Let's figure it out.
What is a matrix and sensor in a camera?
The sensor (matrix) – is a digital «film» camera
When we talk about digital cameras, it is used instead of traditional film sensor (matrix) <TAG1> is an electronic component that converts light into a digital signal. It is he who is responsible for image quality, colors, detail and noise level.
The sensor consists of pixels (photodiodes), which perceive light. The larger the sensor, the more physical pixels can be placed on its surface, and therefore higher detail and better handling in low light.
Cameras use two main types of sensors: CMOS and CCD. Most modern cameras run on CMOS arrays because they are more economical and faster.
What is the difference between a «dotted matrix» and a «full»?
1. Sensor size
The main difference is – physical size sensor.
- Full Frame <TAG1> has a size of 36×24 mm, which corresponds to the classic 35 mm photographic film frame.
- Drop matrix (APS-C, Micro 4/3 and others) <TAG1> is smaller in size. For example, APS-C averages 23×15 mm, and Micro 4/3 – 17×13 mm.
2. Crop factor
Since the crop matrix is smaller, it is fascinating a smaller part of the image, which gives the lens. It's called crop factor.
- Full Frame → crop factor 1.0 (no changes)
- APS-C → crop factor 1.5 (Sony, Nikon) or 1.6 (Canon)
- Micro 4/3 → crop factor 2.0
What does this mean? For example, if you install a 50mm lens on a camera with an APS-C matrix (crop factor 1.5), the viewing angle will correspond to 75mm (50×1.5). That is, the frame will become more «increased» compared to a full frame.
It's good for taking portraits or sports photography (without the extra cost of long telephoto lenses). But for landscapes or wide-angle shots, that might be a downside.
3. Depth of field and background blur (bokeh)
The full frame has a larger physical sensor, therefore gives a more natural blurring of the background (bokeh), especially with the same aperture. This is important for portrait photography.
On the crop camera, to get the same blur, you need to use lighter lenses. For example, if on a full frame 50mm f/1.8 gives a good bokeh, then on APS-C you will have to use approximately 35mm f/1.4 for a similar effect.
4. Image quality in low light
The larger the – sensor, the more light it collects. It means:
- Less digital noise at high ISO.
- Better color rendering and dynamic range.
Full Frame always wins here, especially for night photography.
5. Camera size and weight
- Dill chambers are lighter and more compact, which is convenient for travel.
- Full Frame cameras are heavier and more expensive, but give better quality.
What to choose: full frame or dill?
Select full frame if: ✅ You are engaged in professional photography, shoot advertisements, portraits or landscapes.✅ The quality of pictures in low light is important.✅ Want maximum background blur (good bokeh).✅ Ready to invest more in camera and lenses.
Choose a crop camera if:✅ You need a light, compact camera for travel or daily shooting.✅ You are just starting out and don't want to overpay.✅ Video capture – crop cameras often have good stabilization.✅ Requires additional «zoom» without expensive telephoto lenses (sports, wild animals).
If you are a beginner, the sprinkled matrix – is ideal for starting: compact, budget, universal. But if you strive for professional quality, a full shot will open up much more opportunities for you.
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