[File No. 2] Power supply using the KS 5200PS station

Have you ever thought about getting free energy from the sun to reduce your electricity costs? Want to prepare for a possible power outage so that lights, heating, refrigerator, etc. continue to work? Want to charge your electric car with solar energy? This is possible with the KS 5200PS solar power station! The KS 5200PS solar power station can operate even with 4-6 panels(depending on the output voltage) and provide consumers with electricity up to 5200 W. The output voltage of the solar field under load should not be less than 150 V. The maximum voltage of the solar field is 450 V in open circuit mode and 430 V under load. The built-in MPPT charge controller can convert up to 5 kW. Solar energy is used to power consumers and is stored in the station's battery. The KS 5200PS station is designed for stationary use. Internal

relays connect an external AC power source on both

conductors (L and N) when it is used as a power source.

Internal relays disconnect the external AC power source

on both conductors (L and N) when the station switches to off-grid mode.

The output neutral conductor in off-grid mode is connected to PE

thus grounding it to create a TN system for correct

powering of the house. Operating the station without grounding is prohibited. The recommended scheme for 1-phase power supply to the house:

Modern houses usually have a 3-phase connection and consume more than 5200 W. In this case, we recommend using a scheme withconsumers divided into one group without backup power and 2 groups with backup power as shown in the diagram below. The recommended connection scheme with backup power from KS 5200PS:

All electricity consumers in the house are divided into those without backup power and those 230V consumers that have backup power from the KS 5200PS power station with a total power of up to 5.2 kW (at cos φ = 1). When calculating consumption, it is necessary to take into account the power factor and the starting power of the consumers. Backup power at 230 V or 400 V?

Three-phase current 400V is usually only needed for devices where arotating field is required. These are consumers with 3-phase motors. Such consumers as electric stoves, powerful instantaneous water heaters, electric boilers, or saunas are connected to 3 phases only for the purpose of load distribution in the external network and are actually 230 V consumers that can be powered from 230 V. Powerful electricity consumers, such as electric stoves, are usuallyconnected with a copper cable of 5 x 2.5 mm2, providing power up to 4-5 kW even when operating from 1 phase 230 V. However, we recommend not to turn on more than a couple of burners or one burner and no more than one heating element of the electric oven at the same time to prevent overload. Always consider the total power of active electricity consumers. In case of overload protection tripping, the 230 V output of the station must be reactivated by turning it off/on with the button on the front panel. Distribution for consumers with a switching time to backup power of 1-2 sPowerful electricity consumers, such as kitchen appliances (including electric stoves), are usually powered from 3 different phases of the general power grid (with a 3-phase connection to the house). In case of a power outage, they switch to KS 5200PS. The switching time of most automatic switches is about 1-2 seconds, which should not be a problem for most devices. Please note that some kitchen appliances, such as coffee machines, even in standby mode, occasionally turn on heating elements, which can lead to overload if you also turn on other high-power consumers. Therefore, we recommend using such powerful consumers as washing machines (require up to 2500 W), coffee machines (require up to 1500 W), dishwashers (require up to 2200 W), kettles (1200-2400 W), hot water boilers (700-2200 W) considering electricity consumption. Switching block for consumers with a response time of up to 1-2 s

We recommend using an automatic switch with separately output control contacts for switching between power sources. Such switches are available on the market in various versions. The input (in the picture above) of such an automatic switch has priority when selecting the power source output. If the priority power sourceis turned off, the switch switches to the non-priority side (often referred to as backup), if 230 V voltage is applied to the control contacts of this side. The reverse switching occurs as soon as 230V voltage is applied to the control contacts of the priority side. However, automatic switches should not switch to the general power grid immediately after power restoration, but only with a delay of at least 60 seconds after power restoration. This is ensured by a delay relay that monitors the voltage from the power grid and switches 230 V from the solar power station to the control contacts of the automatic switch when power from the external power grid is lost. Example of a switching block with a delay for reverse switching:

If your house is connected to only 1 phase from the external power grid:

The output of KS 5200PS is connected to the priority side, but the control contactsremain de-energized (the delay relay contacts are open) as long as there is power from the general power grid and the load power is supplied from the external network through the non-priority side. The relay closes its contacts immediately after the power from the external network is lost and the output switches to KS 5200PS, provided it is turned on. The delay relaydisconnects the contacts 60 seconds after power restoration from the electrical network and switches the switch to the electrical network. By turning off the automatic switch (in the picture to the left of the relay), you canforce the power to switch to the solar power station. This allows you tosimulate a power outage and test the operation of the automaticswitch. Distribution with UPS function and service switch

If there are electricity consumers in the house that require uninterrupted operation and shorter switching time to backup power, they should be powered directly from the AC output of KS 5200PS, which provides a response time to power outages from the external network of 20 ms. This can be important for computers, servers, etc. However, we recommend powering these electricity consumers through an additional switch so that they can be switched from the AC output of the station to the general power grid if KS 5200PS needs to be turned off for any reason.

If you do not have electricity consumers at home that require a UPS with a response time of 20 ms, you can provide all 230 V electricity consumers that are eligible for backup power through the aforementioned distribution with a switching time of 1-2 s. The energy stored in the station's battery is usually sufficient for

several hours. If you want to provide power for a longer period,

you must use additional energy sources, such as a backup

generator (inverter type) or solar panels. The recommended connection scheme for a backup generator:

Switching block for backup generator

The backup generator is intended for use as a power source that may be needed in case of a prolonged power outage. It must bean inverter generator with a rated power of at least 5 kW, which is also suitable for sensitive electricity consumers and is accepted by KS 5200PS as the general power grid. The switching block must switch power from the electrical network to the generator on all poles (L and N). This can be a manual switch or an AVR module that starts the generator not immediately, but only when the control contacts of the solar power station close.

Mobile power sources are built as an IT system with isolated active conductors. The neutral conductor of the backup generator must be grounded at the switch behind the power plug. The switch switches the AC input of KS 5200PS between the public power grid (TT or TN) and the backup generator (TN) so that the power supply in the building is carried out in accordance with the rules with a grounded neutral conductor, and the distribution (this is especially important for protective disconnection devices) functions correctly. If an external AC power source with acceptablevoltage parameters is available, KS 5200PS switches the power of consumers to this source, including the neutral, and therefore the neutral conductor of such a source must be grounded before the AC input of the station. The neutral from the external network enters the house already grounded. The neutral of the backup generator must be grounded by connecting it to the grounding of the house.

The generator remains an IT system but becomes part of the TN system as soon as it is connected to the power plug (for example, on the external wall of the house). Switching to the emergency generator can also work automatically. Example of a scheme with an automatic switch: The generator is started manually The automatic switch immediately switches to the generator as soon as it supplies voltage. When power is restored from the electrical network, switching to the electrical network does not occur immediately, but only when the generator no longer supplies voltage, since the generator is connected to the side of the switch withpriority. To switch the power, the generator must be stopped manually. When using the inverter generator KS 6000iES ATS, automatic stopping of the generator can be implemented if the power supply from the general power grid is restored and remains stable for 1 minute.

The 230V socket at the bottom of the diagram should be protected by an overload protection automatic switch and a differential relay, or a differential automatic switch, as shown in the diagram. The cable from the 230V socket goes to the MAIN INPUT of the generator. Thus, the voltage from the power grid is monitored and the generator battery is charged so that the generator is always ready to operate. The internally installed charging module is constantly connected to the MAIN INPUT and charges the battery as needed while 230V voltage is applied to the MAIN INPUT. The generator is started manually. For this, it is necessary to set the rotaryswitch to the RUN position and activate the ATS function. The generator detects that there is no voltage at the MAIN INPUT and starts. The generator automatically stops 1 minute after power is restored from the external network. The latest development of inverter generators from Könner & Söhnen will have a unique external control function with simultaneous monitoring of the voltage from the general power grid. Thus, 2 parameters are monitored, ensuring fully automatic operation. The generator is started by closing the control contacts and only when there is no voltage at the MAIN INPUT. The latest version of the KS 5200PS solar power station also has an additional input for connecting a DC generator (KS 48V-DC series), making automatic battery recharging even easier. Such a DC generator can supply up to 3.3 kW to the 48V bus of the station, which can simultaneously power emergency electricity consumers in the house and charge the battery. The maximum possible load consumption current remains unchanged and corresponds to the maximum power of the station. KS 5200PS is designed for stationary operation with a high-voltage solarfield. The neutral of KS 5200PS in off-grid mode (absence of an external AC power source with acceptable voltage parameters) is connected to PE (the casing), and the station itself must be grounded either through the PE connection at the AC input/output or through a grounding bolt on the casing. The recommended electrical scheme with solar panels:

We recommend that when operating the station with solar panels, the SOL operating mode be set. Electricity consumers connected to the output of the KS 5200PS station switch to power from solar energy when the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value, remains at this level for 5 minutes, and solar energy is still available for 5 minutes. The output of the station switches to power from the external AC source as soon as the battery voltage drops to the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value. If more energy is coming from the sun than is needed by the electricity consumers connected to the UPS function section, other consumers can also be switched to the station using the potential-free programmable NC and C contacts of KS 5200PS. Example of a switching block controlled by potential-free contacts of KS 5200PS:

Programmable potential-free contacts on KS 5200PS close as soon asthe battery voltage reaches the set value of "Battery stop charging voltage" andopen as soon as the battery discharges to "Battery stop discharging voltage". The cable to the contacts of KS 5200PS must be protected by a differentialautomatic switch (RCBO), which protects against leakage and overload. The distribution powered through the automatic switch can have voltage monitoring using a relay that opens the contacts if the input voltage goes beyond the allowable, thus activating the switching:

The automatic switch switches power to the station not only in case ofdisconnection of the external power grid but also if its voltage goes beyond the parameters set on the voltage monitor. The voltage control relay opens its contacts as soon as the voltage goes beyond the limits set on the relay and thus activates the switching process. The delay relay provides a delay for reverse switching to the external network. Settings for the KS 5200PS solar power station

Access to the settings of the KS 5200PS solar station is possible throughthe SolarPowerMonitor software via an external computer.Download the Solar Power Monitor software from the link provided by the manufacturer. After unpacking, you will find 4 files:

First, you need to install the first 2 files - these are drivers necessary for communication via USB. Then we install the SolarPowerMonitor program.KS 5200PS connects to the USB port of the computer using the cable included in the package. The end of the cable with USB type A connects to the computer, and the end with USB type B connects to the USB port of the station. After starting SolarPowerMonitor, it searches for connected stations. As soon as KS 5200PS is found, a window appears with its current status. To gain full access to the settings, you need to log in with the password "admin":

As soon as KS 5200PS is found, a window appears with its current status. To gain full access to the settings, you need to log in with the password "admin". Access to the inverter settings is now open:

Default settings for KS 5200PS:

The pre-set operating mode is SUB. In this mode, the internal battery of the station is charged only from the external AC power source up to the "Battery stop charging voltage" value. This is approximately 60% charge. In this mode, the battery can only be charged to 100% from solar energy through the PV input. Since KS 5200PS will be used as a backup, we recommend changing the operating mode to UTI, in which the battery can be charged to 100%.

We recommend reducing the charging current "Grid max charger current set"of the internal battery from the external AC power source to 10-20 A(approximately 550-1100 W charging power), to make more energy available for consumers when using an inverter generator as a backup power source and in the absence of solar energy. For example, smaller inverter generators with an output power of 1.8 kW or more can be used as an AC power source provided that no high-power electricity consumers or electricity consumers with large starting currents are activated in the house. Since in UTI mode the station can be charged to 100%, a warning with a sound signal may occur during BMS closure. However, this happens quite rarely and only when you set a high charging current "Grid max charger current set". To turn off the sound signal, enable the option "BuzzForbide(only use by PV1800)". Recommended settings for KS 5200PS for operation without solar panels:

The inverter module switch 230 V on the front panel of the station must be turned on for the 230 V output of the station to operate in off-grid mode in case of disconnection from the external power grid. Recommended settings for KS 5200PS for operation with solar panels:

For operation with solar panels, we recommend setting the SOL operating mode. We recommend setting the "Battery stop discharging voltage" to 51-52V and "Battery stop charging voltage" to 54V (SOC approximately 60-80%):

We recommend leaving the "Charger source priority" setting unchanged as "Solar and utility" so that the battery can be charged to 51-52V ("Battery stop discharging voltage") from the power grid and solar energy up to 20-40% if it was discharged during a power outage, for example. In case of a power outage, consumers are powered by the energy,stored in the battery and solar energy:

Consumers are powered from an external AC source, and the battery is charged from both the grid and solar energy until the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value:

The output of KS 5200PS is powered from an external AC source, and the battery is charged from both it and solar energy until the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value:

If the battery voltage of the station reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value andsolar energy is still available for another 5 minutes, KS 5200PS switches to off-grid mode and disconnects from the external AC source:

KS 5200PS remains in off-grid mode until the battery voltage drops to the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value. Then KS 5200PS switches to the external AC power source if it is available.KS 5200PS has "dry" control contacts that can switch up to 250V 1A, and which can be used to control the generator if they are not already used for controlling the switching block. Contacts C and NO close as soon as the battery voltage drops to the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value and open only when the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value. If it is planned to create a power supply independent of the external power grid with KS 5200PS, we recommend setting the operating mode to UTI so that the generator can charge the battery up to 70-80% ("Battery stop charging voltage" 54V). The contacts C and NO of the station open as soon as the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value. To charge the battery faster, we recommend setting the charging current from the external power source to 30A. Thus, the generator will not run too long until KS 5200PS releases its control contacts C and NO again. We recommend setting the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value to 50V so that the generator does not start too early, but only when the SOC value of the battery reaches approx. 15-20%.

The recommended connection scheme with an inverter generator that has contacts for external START/STOP control:

The scheme applies to inverter generators that are started by closing control contacts and stopped by opening them. The control cable is connected to the potential-free contacts C and NO of the KS 5200PS station. Generator batteries with external control contacts generally require maintaining their charge, and the socket shown in the diagramis used to connect an external charger, whichis usually supplied with such a generator. Without maintaining the charge, the generator battery will gradually discharge and may fail. This is especiallyimportant for inverter generators that have small-capacity batteries that must power the generator's electronics in standby mode. When using generators that do not require constant battery charge maintenance, we still recommend recharging it every 1-3 months if the generator is rarely used. Also, every 1-3 months, depending on the design, it is recommended to run the generator to flush the fuel system. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the fuel expiration date. When using generators with AVR that monitor the main power source

230V and start in case of its absence, the NC and C control contacts can be used, which close when

the "Battery stop charging voltage" is reached and open when the voltage

of the battery drops to the "Battery stop discharging voltage". The recommended scheme with the inverter generator KS 6000iES ATS version 2:

The ATS module of the generator monitors the voltage of 230 V at MAINS INPUT in

automatic mode, starts the generator as soon as this voltage disappears, and

stops it after about 1 minute as soon as 230 V is again supplied to

MAINS INPUT. KS 6000iES ATS Version 2 is built in such a way that the voltage of 230 V at itsMAINS INPUT is only monitored and not switched to the output, sothe current from the output of the KS 5200PS station does not flow through the circuit to its input. The internal schematic diagram of the inverter generator KS 6000iES ATSVersion 2:

The CEE 230V 32A socket is connected to the output of the inverter module and is active only during the operation of the generator. The generator is turned on (ON position) or off (OFF position) manually using a multifunction switch (gasoline tap, ignition, power of the control unit). The generator is started in manual mode using the red button on the multifunction switch. With the ATS SWITCH, the automatic mode is turned on (ATS SWITCH inON position) or off (ATS SWITCH in OFF position).The voltage of 230 V from the output of KS 5200PS reaches MAINS INPUT of the generator through protection in the form of a differential automatic switch (RCBO) and the NC and C contacts of the KS 5200PS station, which close when the battery voltage reaches the "Battery stop charging voltage" value and open when the battery voltage drops to the "Battery stop discharging voltage" value. Thus, immediately after the station is turned on, the generator starts to charge the battery, and then turns off 1 minute after reaching the "Battery stop charging voltage". The cable to the control contacts and to the socket must be protected fromoverload and contact (RCBO). The phase conductor from the AC output of KS 5200PS goes to the Schuko socket, and from there to MAINS INPUT of the generator. The neutral conductor goes to the control contact C, and from the control contact NC returns to the socket and from there to MAINS INPUT of the generator. When the NC and C contacts are closed, the voltage of 230 V reaches the MAINS INPUT of the generator and powers the electronics and the battery charging module of the generator. This means that the generator is always ready to operate. By turning off the RCBO, you can forcibly start the generator for test purposes, or if, for example, you want to recharge the station's battery in the evening so that it does not start at night when the battery voltage drops below "Battery stop discharging voltage" 50 V. When using other generators with internal or external AVR according to the same scheme, they need to be modified, as most AVRs switch the voltage of 230V from input to output, causing current to flow in a loop from the output to the input of the station, which is unacceptable.