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This content has been automatically translated from Ukrainian.
Ama (in Japanese zalne, which literally means «woman of the sea») — are traditional Japanese nerchins who have been collecting gifts of the sea for over two thousand years. Their history dates back to a time when humans did not yet have modern fishing technology and relied on their own strength and endurance to obtain food.
Amas are known for their ability to dive to considerable depths without any — equipment with only a mask and sometimes a light suit to protect against the cold. They collect sea urchins, octopuses, various types of molluscs, and especially valuable pearls formed in oyster shells. This work always required great physical strength, endurance and the ability to hold one's breath for a few minutes.
It is interesting that since ancient times it was women who were the best kidneys, because it was believed that they are more resistant to the cold and able to stay under water longer. Traditionally, amas worked in groups: one woman dived, others helped her from a boat, monitored safety and collected prey. From generation to generation, this fishery was passed down from mother to daughter, forming a unique culture and a special women's community.
Traditional ama clothing
In the past, ama would dive in a plain white outfit consisting of a light shirt and a hip bandage. White was of particular importance: it was believed to protect against the evil spirits of the sea and make women more visible to their companions when diving. They often wore a bandana or bandage over their heads so that their hair would not get in the way.
In the 20th century, when the pearl farm industry was developing, ama began to use thin black wetsuits (wetsuit) that allowed longer work in cold water. However, in many coastal villages for tourist showcases, women still come out in traditional white costumes to preserve the historical look.
Thus, ama — clothing is not only practical, but also part of spiritual culture. The white suit symbolizes the connection to the sea and ancient beliefs, while the modern wetsuit has become evidence of adaptation to new conditions.
Modernity and preservation of tradition
Today, there is not much ama left, because modern fishing technologies have supplanted ancient methods. However, in Japan, this tradition is preserved as a unique heritage. In some regions, such as Mie and Ise prefectures, the ama profession has become part of tourism programs: visitors are shown demonstration dives, treated to sea dishes and told about the history of «women of the sea».
For the Ama themselves, this business still means not only earning, but also a spiritual connection with the ocean.
Interesting facts about ama
- Ama whistling: After each dive, women make a distinctive whistling sound when they release air. This is not only a way to restore breathing, but also a kind of «signature» of each kidney. Researchers say that it can be used to recognize a specific woman.
- Longevity in the profession: Many amas continue to work even in 70–80 years. Some women joke that «seawater is better than any cream at keeping young».
- Link to pearl farms: it was the Ama who helped Mikimoto Kokita in the 19th century, when he was developing the technology of growing cultured pearls, which made Japan the world center of the pearl industry.
- Women's community: In many villages there are «huts am» — special houses where women rest, warm themselves by the fire after diving and socialize. It is not only a place of work, but also a cultural center of their lives.
So ama — is more than just kidney. It is a symbol of strength, endurance and connection to the sea. Their tradition combines long-standing beliefs, unique skills and female solidarity that have helped preserve fishing for thousands of years.
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