Overhang (overhang) <TAG1> are areas of the model that protrude above the air without direct support from below. In 3D printing, especially FDM (plastic extrusion), this is a challenge: plastic has nothing to hold on to and can sag, deform or even fail.
Critical overhang angle <TAG1> is usually 45—. If the angle is greater than —, the extruder does not have time to build a strong base for the next layer, and the quality drops.
How to reduce overhanging problems
Enable support (supports) This is the easiest way. The printer will add temporary supports for problem areas that can be removed after printing.
Optimize cooling Good cooling helps the plastic harden faster. Turn on the fans or increase their speed for PLA and similar materials.
Reduce print speed Slower printing in the overhang zone gives the plastic more time to cool.
Reduce the temperature of the extruder But be careful — so as not to lose the adhesion of the layers. The colder plastic is less traction and will not sag.
Change the orientation of the model Turn the model so that the overhangs decrease or are placed at a better angle.
Modify geometry Add a bevel or bend (chamfer, fillet) to convert overhangs into incremental transitions.
Overhanging printing — is a balance between material, settings and design. Test different options and use test overhang models for calibration. Here is a screenshot of models from makerworld:
makerworld скріншот test overhang models
When possible, I will print out the model and make a separate post about the overhang.
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