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This content has been automatically translated from Ukrainian.
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) (sometimes Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)), is a common 3D printing method based on layer-by-layer application of molten thermoplastic material to create three-dimensional objects.
The process begins with feeding the plastic thread (filament) into the heated extrusion head, where the material melts. The molten plastic is squeezed out through the nozzle and applied to the platform layer by layer according to the digital model. Each layer hardens during cooling, connecting with the previous one, which allows you to gradually form the object.
FDM technology was developed in the late 1980s by Scott Crump, co-founder of Stratasys, and was commercially implemented in the early 1990s. After the patent for this technology expired in 2009, it became widely available for use, which contributed to the growing popularity of 3D printing among enthusiasts and small businesses.
Materials and applications of FDM printing
FDM printers can work with various thermoplastic materials, such as:
- PLA (polylactide)
- ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)
- PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol)
- TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)
These materials have different mechanical properties and temperature characteristics, which allows you to choose the best option for specific tasks. FDM printing is widely used for prototyping, functional parts manufacturing, educational purposes and in many other areas.
The advantages include:
- Availability and relatively low cost of equipment and materials.
- Ease of use and maintenance.
- The possibility of quick production of prototypes and small series of products.
Nuances:
- Visibility of layers on the surface of the product, which may require additional processing (grinding; may be physical or chemical).
- Limited accuracy and detail compared to other 3 D printing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA).
- Not all materials are suitable for FDM printing due to the melting temperature and adhesion requirements between layers.
FDM is a very common type of printing, but 3D printing technologies for specific tasks should be considered before choosing a printer.
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