Stollen is a traditional German sweet pastry with a rich history. This dessert is a symbol of Christmas and one of the most popular baked goods in the world, on par with the Italian Christmas bread panettone. However, unlike the light, airy panettone, stollen is denser and more flavorful.
Interestingly, the German “Christstollen” translates to “Christmas bread.”
Stollen is a combination of dough with a large amount of butter, candied dried fruits, nuts, marzipan, and spices. Often, the candied fruits and dried fruits are soaked in strong alcohol—rum or cognac—giving them a special flavor and aroma. A characteristic feature of stollen is its coating of a thick layer of powdered sugar. The powder has not only a symbolic but also a practical significance, which we will explain further.
штолен у розрізі
The popularity of stollen dates back to the Middle Ages when it was prepared as a Lenten bread during Advent (the last four weeks before Christmas). Initially, it was quite a simple dish, as it was made using only flour, water, yeast, and oil. But in the 15th century, specifically in 1491, after the so-called “Butterbrief” issued by Pope Innocent VIII, which allowed the use of butter in baking even during Lent, the recipe became richer and tastier. This marked the beginning of the dish's refinement. The shape of the stollen symbolized the baby Jesus wrapped in a blanket, and the white layer of powdered sugar represented the snow covering the ground at Christmas.
What are the basic ingredients used to make stollen?
To prepare traditional stollen, the following ingredients are used:
A lot of dried fruits and candied fruits soaked in rum or cognac
Nuts (almonds or walnuts) for texture
Marzipan
Spices—cinnamon, nutmeg, or cardamom
Powdered sugar for decoration and to prevent the finished pastry from drying out. This is the practical purpose we mentioned at the beginning of the post.
How is stollen prepared?
The process of making stollen is quite lengthy, but it is worth every minute spent. Dried fruits are soaked in alcohol in advance, sometimes for several days. The dough with a large amount of butter, spices, candied fruits, and dried fruits is kneaded, shaped into an elongated loaf, and baked. After baking, the stollen is coated with melted butter and a thick layer of powdered sugar, which helps keep it fresh for a long time.A feature is the aging of the dessert after baking. Stollen tastes best 1-2 weeks after baking. Sometimes the “ripening” period lasts for a month. This is necessary for the flavors of the ingredients to fully develop and permeate every inch of the pastry. And thanks to the large amount of butter, stollen can be stored for several months after baking.
What are the varieties of stollen?
Besides the classic Christstollen, there are also other options:
Butterstollen with an extra large amount of butter
Mohnstollen with poppy seeds
Quarkstollen based on cheese
Marzipanstollen with a layer of marzipan.
штолен з марципаном
The most famous is Dresden Stollen. This pastry has the status of geographical indication, meaning that only desserts made in Dresden according to the traditional recipe can be called Dresden Christstollen. Every year, the city hosts a stollen festival, where a huge dessert weighing several tons is prepared and cut with a special one-meter knife.Traditionally, stollen is served with tea, coffee, or hot mulled wine. It can be enjoyed as a standalone dish or used as a base for festive desserts, for example, served with butter or jam. It is more than just a pastry. It is part of the Christmas tradition, filled with the aromas of the holiday, home comfort, and the taste of childhood.
