This content has been automatically translated from Ukrainian.
Among the ancient peoples who roamed the vast steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the Scythians held a special place. This warlike nation left behind a rich legacy, part of which is their mythology. The central figure of the Scythian pantheon was Papai – the supreme deity who played a key role in their worldview.
Forefather, Creator, Thunderer
Papai (Greek: Παπαῐος) in Scythian mythology is the equivalent of the Greek Zeus. The very name "Papai" has Iranian roots and translates as "father" or "grandfather". This emphasizes his role as the progenitor and creator not only of the world but also of the entire Scythian people. According to their myths, Papai was the father of Targitai, the mythical ancestor of all Scythians.
Like Zeus, Papai was a celestial god-thunderer. He wielded power over lightning and thunder, indicating his connection to natural forces. This association was often reflected in archaeological finds: for example, some depictions of Papai on the so-called "World Tree" are accompanied by bells that symbolize thunder.
Symbolism and Cult
Papai was a multifaceted deity who embodied not only power over the sky but also other important aspects of Scythian life:
- Patron of Fertility: Being associated with the sky and precipitation, Papai was also considered a god of fertility, which was critical for the agrarian component of their life.
- Protector and Patron: He was the protector of the Scythian community and family, as well as the patron of warriors, granting them victory. Some researchers even suggest that he may have had a second name – Targa, associated with war.
- "World Tree" and Eagle: Papai was often depicted at the center of the "World Tree" composition, which is a universal symbol of cosmic order and the connection between worlds. Above him, images of eagles – sacred birds that embodied the celestial world and were closely associated with this supreme deity – are often found.
The Significance of Papai for the Scythians
The image of Papai was central to the religious system of the Scythians. He was not just one of the gods; he was the one who created the world and their people, who granted them strength and protection. His cult played an important role in shaping the Scythians' worldview, their identity, and their place in the world. Through Papai, the Scythians understood the order of the universe, their history, and their destiny.
This post doesn't have any additions from the author yet.
