This content has been automatically translated from Ukrainian.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the software that resides on the computer's motherboard. It is responsible for initializing and configuring the system's hardware, as well as for launching the operating system after the computer is turned on.
BIOS is stored in a special flash memory on the motherboard and contains the basic instructions necessary for the initial booting of the computer. When the computer is turned on, the BIOS performs the POST (Power-On Self Test) process, which checks for the presence and functionality of various components, such as the processor, RAM, hard drive, keyboard, and other devices.
After completing the POST, the BIOS searches for boot information on connected devices, such as hard drives, flash drives, optical discs, etc. If an operating system is found, the BIOS hands over control to it, initiating the OS boot process.
Additionally, the BIOS provides the ability to configure various hardware parameters, such as processor settings, RAM speed, input-output ports, etc. This is usually done through a special menu that can be accessed during the computer's startup by pressing a specific key (for example, Delete, F2, or F10), depending on the motherboard manufacturer.
In recent models of computers, UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is becoming more common, which is the successor to BIOS. UEFI offers more advanced configuration options and a more modern interface, but the principles of operation remain similar to those of BIOS.
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