This content has been automatically translated from Ukrainian.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is software that resides on the computer's motherboard. It is responsible for initializing and configuring the system's hardware, as well as for starting the operating system after turning on the computer.
The BIOS is stored in a special flash memory on the motherboard and contains the basic instructions necessary for the initial boot of the computer. When the computer is turned on, the BIOS conducts the POST (Power-On Self Test) process, which checks the presence and functionality of various components, such as the processor, RAM, hard disk, keyboard and other devices.
After POST is complete, the BIOS searches for boot information on connected devices such as hard drives, flash drives, optical drives, etc. If an operating system is detected, the BIOS transfers control to it, triggering the OS boot process.
In addition, the BIOS provides the ability to configure various hardware parameters, such as processor settings, RAM speed, I/O ports, etc. For this, a special menu is usually used, which can be opened when starting the computer by pressing a certain key (for example, Delete, F2 or F10), depending on the manufacturer of the motherboard.
In the latest computer models, UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) , which is the successor of BIOS, is becoming more common. UEFI provides more advanced configuration options and a more modern interface, but the principle of operation remains similar to BIOS.
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