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Geographical division of labour (GPP)
spatial division of labor
- GPP <TAG1> objective process of development of the economy of the regions, which involves the demarcation of different types of labor activity and the specialization of individual production units and the exchange between them of the products of their activity.
- Economies of scale
- Agglomeration of production
- Localization of production
Geographical division of labor
Historical nature of the concept of GPP
- Origins of the concept <TAG1> works K. Marx and F. Engels on the gap between the labor of workers and the appropriation of labor results by large capital
- Concept development M. Baranskyi, Yu. Saushkin and others. scientists
- Modern vision <TAG1> taking into account not only the labor factor, but also all types of resources (land, water, subsoil, capital, information).
Types of geographical division of labor (according to Yu. Sashkin)
- General (international)
This type of division of labour is established at international level and includes the distribution of production functions between different countries on the basis of their competitive advantages. Each country specializes in the production of those goods or services in which it has a relative advantage and trades these goods on international markets.
- Division of labor between individual economic centers
This kind of division of labour ensures the distribution of production functions between individual regional or national centres within a country or region. For example, large cities may specialize in the production of certain goods or services, while other regions may specialize in other activities.
- Division of labor around the economic center (node)
This kind of division of labour is made more difficult by the concentration of certain types of production or services around the central economic node. For example, around large cities or industrial centers, there may be a concentration of enterprises from related industries, which contributes to the further development of this region.
- Post-operative geographical division of labor
This type of division of labour is completed by successive production of different stages of production in different regions or countries. For example, some countries may specialize in growing raw materials, while others — in processing these raw materials into finished goods.
- Phase division of labor
This kind of division of labour is justified on the distribution of production functions between different countries or regions on the basis of differences at the level of technological development. More developed countries may specialize in high-tech manufacturing, while less developed countries produce less sophisticated goods.
- Episodic division of labor
This kind of division of labour works in relation to temporary or seasonal changes in the demand for goods or services. For example, depending on the season, the demand for certain goods, such as clothing or food, may change, potentially to a temporary concentration of production in certain regions or countries.
Dynamism of the concept of HPP
- New International Division of Labor (NIDL) — reorganization of the division of labor from a national scale to a global one.
- Manifestations: value chains are getting longer, multinational companies are increasing their share of the world economy, national products are gradually disappearing from markets
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